Sungmin an 1, junghyun ryu 2, maenghyo cho 2 and kyujin cho 1. Shape memory alloy to create an actuator of the mechanical element. A shapememory alloy is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its predeformed remembered shape when heated. The current work mainly focuses on demonstrating a single design of a flexible shape memory alloy actuator with a multilayer tubular structure. Shape memory alloys smas seminar ppt and pdf report. Pdf in numerous studies, it was emphasised that only a few of patented shape memory alloy applications are commercially. This alloy was named nitinol nickeltitanium naval ordnance laboratory 4.
These metal alloys undergo temperature driven phase transformation. Shape memory alloys and their application to actuators for. The broad aim of this dissertation is also to pro vide a users guide to the design of smabased actuators. They permit high resolution and distributed actuation. The general design pro cedure for nitinolbased actuators is summarised. Design of a humanoid hand using segmented shape memory. The sma actuator in these devices can be emgcontrolled to. Some truly helpful comments about applications of shape memory alloys and multidisciplinary system optimization also came from professor. Greninger and mooradian 1938 observed the formation and disappearance of a martensitic phase by decreasing and increasing the temperature of a cuzn alloy. Design and analysis of artificial muscle robotic elbow. Applicability of shape memory alloys in aircraft interiors. Sma actuators may then be designed that will demonstrate two important attributes. Using the kinitics controller, the kinitics shape memory alloy actuator products can be used in anything from the simplest to the most elaborate of control strategies. Design of diaphragm actuator based on ferromagnetic shape.
The shape memory effect is often exploited when smas are used as actuators 6 15. In this area, magnetic shape memory alloys msma are possible. Navy, sma technologies were first commercialized by raychem corp. The actuation mechanism for the fsma composite plate of the actuator is the hybrid mechanism that we proposed previously. Design equations for binary shape memory actuators under. The solidsolid, diffusionless phase transformations in thermally responsive sma. Using three electrical connections the two ends of the wire and a contact in the middle of the wire, the two halves of the wire were differentially heated, which caused repeatable, continuous and directional.
The advantages of shape memory alloy sma artificial muscle are lightness and high energy density. Miniaturized rotary actuators using shape memory alloy for. Our article deals with the possibility of using shape memory material sma. Published 24 april 2012 2012 iop publishing ltd smart materials and structures, volume 21, number 5. It presents the design of an active catheter and endoscope based on shape memory alloy actuators. Therefore, we are seeking another design approach of a synthetic jet actuator with a vibrating surface based on ferromagnetic shape memory alloy composite and the hybrid mechanism. Thermal shape memory alloys smas have characteristics such as high power density which indicate that they would be ideal actuators for such applications. Keywords, ferromagnetic shape memory alloy, composite, torque actuators, superelastic behavior 1. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys fsma have been studied for possible applications of fast responsive and high. The main key feature of all smas is the occurrence of a martensitic part transformation. Most of the engineering applications require helical springs as actuators and proper design of sma helical. Casmart collaborative best practices and case studies o.
The biggest advantage of the sma actuators compared to those made of conventional materials is that they have the ability to generate relatively great force, are of low weight and small size. A binary sma actuator is considered where a cursor is moved against both conservative and dissipative force which may be different during the push or pull phase. These actuators consist of curved sma wires embedded within elastic structures. Shape memory alloys smas seminar and ppt with pdf report. In the present work, we have proposed a new design strategy using a shape memory alloy sma spring as an actuator that provides a failsafe function to prevent the blocking of the main optical.
Shape memory alloys a group of metallic alloys which shows the ability to return to their original shape or size i. Shape memory alloy actuator and pump kinitics automation. Each sma wire is shapeset to an initial curvature and inserted along the neutral axis. Shape memory alloys are promising materials for microactuation in space applications, because of the relatively large deformations and forces that can be. It may also be called memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, or muscle wire. Temperature change is frequently achieved using a current pulse, particularly in nickel. Pci6284, ni is employed to send the pwm signal via the digital output and measure the voltage vr and vsma via the analog input. They develop a classification scheme for smabased actuators, which consists of smaspecific technical attributes and. Journal of nondestructive evaluation, diagnostics and prognostics of engineering systems. Actuation of elastomeric rods with embedded shape memory alloy wire actuators, smart materials and structures, 7. The simplicity of their actuation principle with respect to the relatively large forces generated and their biocompatibility with other material have made them attractive for. During coldworking, the alloy work hardens very quickly and must be annealed frequently. Design optimisation of shape memory alloy linear actuator. Development of advanced actuators using shape memory alloys.
Rau is the expert for shape memory alloys assemblies made of shape memory alloys are used as thermal actuators in the automotive industry as well in further fields of measurement and control technolog, appliance technology. Pdf magnetic shape memory alloy and actuator design. The rotary actuator uses the shape memory alloy to generate the rotational movement which is necessary for the locomotion of the microrobot. The kinitics controller interfaces with a standard plc using discrete io and an analog 420ma input for complex control using a number of possible feedback strategies. Engineering design framework for a shape memory alloy coil spring actuator using a static twostate model, smart materials and structures 21, pp. Shape memory alloys smas have emerged in several areas, including robotics, control of spaceborne structures, and control of helicopter rotor blades refs. Shape memory alloys is explained in detail in this page. This special behavior attracts the use of smas as efficient strokeforce actuators. Engineering design framework for a shape memory alloy coil spring actuator using a static twostate model.
Design and analysis of artificial muscle robotic elbow joint using shape memory alloy actuator. Novel design methodologies, materials, and paradigms. The first motor is a shape memory alloy sma bundle actuator, and the second is a hybrid concept based on electrorheological fluids erfs and. Design of torque actuators based on ferromagnetic shape. The second robot, whose motion is controlled using shape memory alloy actuators, is designed to be easily scaled down for microscale applications. Onedimensional constitutive behavior of shape memory alloys.
Recent applications in structural actuation and sensing. Shape memory alloy sma actuators have drawn much attention and interest. Optimum mechanical design of binary actuators based on shape memory alloys 5 behaviour as a linear one 18 figure 1a. Titaniumnickel tini based shape memory alloys smas are used in a wide range of applications. Design, measurement experiments and application of a. A darlington driver is used as a switching element to control the heating or cooling state of the sma actuator. Shape memory alloy actuation is very attractive because of the very high power density that can be obtained using these materials. President kinitics automation shapememory alloys smas are those materials that respond to temperature changes by changing form factor. This paper evaluates possible applications for smas shape memory alloys based on the requirements in the field of aircraft interiors.
The paper presents the design equations for an onoff shape memory alloy actuator under an arbitrary system of external constant forces. The high energy density allows the actuator to make powerful motions. Pdf shape memory alloys smas have been used for a wide variety of applications in various fields such as robotics. Casmart collaborative best practices and case studies. Multiobjective design optimization of a shape memory. The first motor is a shape memory alloy sma bundle actuator, and the second. Shape memory alloys are worth mentioning in this overview of actuator technologies because, despite a number of drawbacks, they are unmatched in work density and, as is not so well known, can be extremely high in power to mass 3, 4. This paper presents a computational model and design optimization strategy for shape memory alloy sma flexural actuators. The study is, specifically, focused on the thermal analysis of the sma spring material and on determination of the sma spring working time periods at different values of the activating electric current inducing different phase changing speeds.
Design of shape memory alloy spring actuator for pinch. Initial investigation in actuator design using high. Shape memory alloys smas are smart materials that have the ability to recover their original shape by eliminating residual deformations, when subjected to adequate temperature rise shape memory effect. In most of these designs, sma wires act as artificial muscles to mimic the motion of. Design, fabrication and experimental evaluation mohammad elahinia this book provides a systematic approach to realizing niti shape memory alloy actuation, and is aimed at science and engineering students who would like to develop a better understanding of the behaviors of smas, and learn to design, simulate. Shape memory alloys smas are metallic alloys which can recuperate permanent strains when they are heated above a fix temperature. Optimum mechanical design of binary actuators based on. The solidsolid, diffusionless phase transformations in thermally responsive sma allows them to demonstrate unique characteristics like superelasticity and shape memory effects. Actuator performance is reported for a range of prestress values and actuation frequencies.
The parameters of the actuator, such as the dimensions of the sma wire and the multilayer tubular structure, are not systematically designed and optimized. Casmart collaborative best practices and case studies article pdf available in international journal of mechanics and materials in design 101 march 2014. An electric circuit was constructed as shown in figure 2. The authors gather requirements regarding industry standards and regulations by detailed literature research and lead user interviews. Development of advanced actuators using shape memory. Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine. Also for the presented research, the interest in designing actuators based on shape memory alloys emerged from a study in the field of multifingered robot hands. Pdf design and analysis of artificial muscle robotic. Now, one new actuator uses bundles of sma wire made of specialty nickeltitanium alloy for reliable linear motion. A new diaphragm actuator based on the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy fsma composite is designed where the fsma composite is composed of ferromagnetic soft iron and superelastic grade of niti shape memory alloy sma. The shape memory alloy can change in length according to the temperature over 70 c. Tzes, experimental study of a shape memory alloy actuation system for a novel prosthetic hand, book edited.
Shape memory alloys are worth mentioning in this overview of actuator technologies because. Of all existing shape memory alloys, nickeltitanium niti has. Shape memory alloy, rotary actuator, smart material. The study concerns an experimental model using a sma spring actuator for improving the whole performance of a barrier structure. Issues in the design of shape memory alloy actuators. Systemlevel design of a shape memory alloy actuator for. Design, shape memory alloy, linear actuator, niti, nitinol, material. A new approach to the design of helical shape memory alloy. Presents a design methodology for shape memory alloy sma components. History of shape memory alloys the first reported steps towards the discovery of the shape memory effect were taken in the 1930s by otsuka and wayman. Design and implementation of a shape memory alloy actuated. Shape memory alloy an overview sciencedirect topics. In the present work, we have proposed a new design strategy using a shape memory alloy sma spring as an actuator that provides a failsafe function to prevent the blocking of the main optical path when the. Design of a novel flexible shape memory alloy actuator.
Design aspects of shape memory actuators sciencedirect. However, certain characteristics of sma exist which, if left unaddressed, make usage as an actuator impractical. Modeling and experimental characterization of the stress. Engineering design framework for a shape memory alloy coil. In 1958, researchers chang and read demonstrated the shape memory effect at the brussels worlds fair. Design of shape memory alloy sma actuators ashwin rao. Journal of nuclear engineering and radiation science. On the design of a shape memory alloy spring actuator. In this paper we present the development of two novel, compact, and powerful smart materialbased advanced actuators. Application of niti in assistive and rehabilitation devices. Introduction ferromagnetic shape memory alloys fsma have attracted a strong attention among material science and actuator research community, as the speed of actuator based on fsma is considered very fast, yet some of fsma provide large stress.
Design of membrane actuators based on ferromagnetic shape. This short monograph presents an analysis and design methodology for shape memory alloy sma components such as wires, beams, and springs for different applications. The need for shape memory alloys sma with high transformation temperatures is urgent. An accurately controlled antagonistic shape memory alloy. Experimental design validation of tilting calibration. A preliminary study of a torsional actuator has b een made.
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